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  1. Atom | Definition, Structure, History, Examples, Diagram, & Facts ...

    Jan 9, 2026 · Chemical elements are made up of only one type of atom—gold contains only gold atoms, and neon contains only neon atoms--and they are ranked in order of their atomic …

  2. Atomic physics | Structure, Particles & Energy | Britannica

    It attempts to describe and account for the properties of molecules and atoms and their constituents— electrons, protons, neutrons, and other more esoteric particles such as quarks …

  3. Atom - Development, Theory, Structure | Britannica

    Jan 26, 2026 · Dalton had begun his atomic studies by wondering why the different gases in the atmosphere do not separate, with the heaviest on the bottom and the lightest on the top. He …

  4. Periodic table | Definition, Elements, Names, Symbols, Groups, …

    Dec 22, 2025 · The sizes of atoms are of importance in the determination of coordination number (that is, the number of groups attached to the central atom in a compound) and hence in the …

  5. Covalent bond | Definition, Properties, Examples, & Facts | Britannica

    Jan 16, 2026 · Covalent bond, in chemistry, the interatomic linkage that results from the sharing of an electron pair between two atoms. The binding arises from the electrostatic attraction of their …

  6. atom - Kids | Britannica Kids | Homework Help

    The tiny particles called atoms are the basic building blocks of all matter. Atoms can be combined with other atoms to form molecules, but they cannot be divided into smaller parts by ordinary …

  7. Atom - Mass, Isotopes, Structure | Britannica

    3 days ago · The mass of atoms is measured in terms of the atomic mass unit, which is defined to be 1/12 of the mass of an atom of carbon-12, or 1.660538921 × 10 −24 gram. The mass of an …

  8. Atom - Electrons, Orbitals, Energy | Britannica

    6 days ago · Once the way atoms are put together is understood, the question of how they interact with each other can be addressed—in particular, how they form bonds to create …

  9. Atom - Electrons, Nucleus, Bonds | Britannica

    Jan 27, 2026 · Atom - Electrons, Nucleus, Bonds: Once the way atoms are put together is understood, the question of how they interact with each other can be addressed—in particular, …

  10. Ion | Definition, Chemistry, Examples, & Facts | Britannica

    Dec 26, 2025 · Ion, any atom or group of atoms that bears one or more positive or negative electrical charges. Positively charged ions are called cations; negatively charged ions, anions.