Abstract: An open-circuit voltage (OCV) model, which represents OCV as a function of state of charge (SOC), is essential for estimating the state of a battery. Typically, the OCV-SOC characteristic is ...

A variety of linear models are available to represent common active electronic devices such as transistors and vacuum tubes. Devices operating under large-signal conditions often require nonlinear ...

Transformers have fundamentally transformed the field of natural language processing, driving significant advancements across numerous applications. With their widespread success, there is a growing ...

I am trying to vectorize a procedure, where I need to do the element-wise power of a large vector before getting its Hessian. If I manually compute the element-wise power of the vector in order to ...

Linear and nonlinear functions are the building blocks of algebra. They are essential to the understanding of graphs, equations, and the principles that govern the study of mathematics beyond the ...

The ensemble-based variational method is easier to implement and parallelize than the adjoint method. For circumstances in which observed data are too limited and sparse for oceanographic data ...