Artificial intelligence (AI) has come as a boon to many aspects of our lives. It helps us find that old song whose tune we can’t get out of our heads, draft letters and even tackle complex medical or ...

Abstract: There is a sudden increase in digital data as well as a rising demand for extracting text efficiently from images. These two led to full optical character recognition systems are introduced ...

Abstract: Spectral pixels are often a mixture of the pure spectra of the materials, called endmembers, due to the low spatial resolution of hyperspectral sensors, double scattering, and intimate ...