COOH) represents the protonated form of the organic acid, whereas lactate (CH₃CH (OH)COO⁻) represents its conjugated base.
We tested popular wideband O₂ controllers against lab-grade equipment to see how accurate their lambda readings really are under real engine conditions.
What's The Difference: Hybrids vs. Plug-In Hybrids vs. EVs 01:31 Hybrids, plug-in hybrids, and electric vehicles have a shared goal: reduce tailpipe emissions and deliver the best fuel economy. But ...
Some results have been hidden because they may be inaccessible to you
Show inaccessible results
Feedback