An op-amp operates on analog input. It can be used to amplify or attenuate this input, and to carry out mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, integration, and differentiation. Because ...

Operational amplifiers (commonly called op amps) are a ubiquitous building block for designing electronic circuits. Today, these devices are fabricated as small integrated circuits, but the concept ...

In a balanced op-amp circuit, the op-amp inputs see equal impedances looking into the circuit. Balanced circuits provide better performance by cancelling some input errors and have a simple R F /R I ...

In the last Circuit VR we looked at some basic op amp circuits in a simulator, including the non-inverting amplifier. Sometimes you want an amplifier that inverts the signal. That is a 5V input ...

Use of buck-boost circuits in switching-regulator ICs. Considerations in level-shift circuit design. Switching regulators with internal level shifting. The magnitude of the negative voltage generated ...

My hands-on introduction to operational amplifiers was in 1969 while in the army as a junior scientist in the Atmospheric Science Laboratory at the White Sands Proving Grounds. We had taken a ...

Analog circuit design using MOS transistors represents a dynamic and rapidly evolving field that is integral to modern electronics. Exploiting the inherent advantages of MOS technology—such as ...