The brevity of an abstract belies its importance to a manuscript. It’s what catches a reader’s attention and helps them to decide whether a paper is relevant. Yet failing to reflect the content of the ...

What is a research or creative project abstract? An abstract is a compact, concise, and self-contained description of a project and its results or current status. An abstract communicates to the ...

Language comes in many forms. An activity such as reading a newspaper, for example, can be described in concrete terms (“flipping pages,” “processing words”) or it can be described in the abstract ...