Different structures have different functions or purposes. The individual parts of any structure need to be selected, arranged and fixed together carefully to make sure the structure carries out its ...

Cold-formed steel portal frames have emerged as a versatile and efficient structural system in modern construction. Their design exploits thin-walled steel sections, which are cold-formed to yield ...

Keywords: hybrid simulation, collapse assessment, steel moment frames, steel gravity frames, integration methods, substructuring technique Abstract: This report presents two series of hybrid ...