DURHAM, N.C. -- One of the tiniest building blocks of the universe has a weigh-in problem, and Ashutosh Kotwal is determined to get to the bottom of it. For nearly 30 years, the Duke physicist has led ...

The particles that are in an atom: protons, neutrons and electrons The particles that are in protons and neutrons: quarks The four fundamental forces: gravity, electromagnetism, the strong force and ...

The two-dimensional spatial distribution of mass due to gluons in the nucleon (left) and the pion (right), simulated at seven valence pion masses with lattice quantum chromodynamics. Credit: Bigeng ...

The Standard Model is the modern physical understanding of three of the four forces of nature: electromagnetism, the strong nuclear force and the weak nuclear force. When you purchase through links on ...

Discover the fascinating world of particle physics — the most fundamental building blocks of the universe and the forces that connect them. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an ...