The ECP packed column is based on current state-of-the-art extraction research. The column consists of a packed bed, distributors for the two liquid phases and, optionally, a pulsator. The special ...

Liquid-liquid extraction columns are pivotal in a range of industrial applications, from nuclear fuel reprocessing to hydrometallurgy and environmental remediation. These systems operate by contacting ...

Liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) remains a cornerstone of separation technology, with column dynamics and mass transfer playing pivotal roles in optimising performance. A comprehensive understanding of ...

Microbial characterization of aquifers should include samples of both suspended and attached microorganisms (biofilms). We investigated the effect of shear, sonication, and heat on the extraction of ...